原论文报道了云南虫化石的鳃弓由叠盘状软骨细胞结构和含有微原纤维构造的细胞外基质组成,被认为符合脊椎动物的特征。研究还通过系统发育分析,显示云南虫最有可能是基干脊椎动物。 2022年7月8日,爱彩彩票研究员朱茂炎领衔的“地球-生命系统早期演化”研究团队和南京大学地球科学与工程学院教授姜宝玉课题组合作在《科学》(Science)期刊上发表了澄江动物群云南虫化石的研究论文<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.abm2708","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"Pharyngeal arches are a key innovation that likely contributed to the evolution of the jaws and braincase of vertebrates. It has long been hypothesized that the pharyngeal (branchial) arch evolved from an unjointed cartilaginous rod in vertebrate ancestors such as that in the nonvertebrate chordate amphioxus, but whether such ancestral anatomy existed remains unknown. The pharyngeal skeleton of controversial Cambrian animals called yunnanozoans may contain the oldest fossil evidence constraining the early evolution of the arches, yet its correlation with that of vertebrates is still disputed. By examining additional specimens in previously unexplored techniques (for example, x-ray microtomography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry element mapping), we found evidence that yunnanozoan branchial arches consist of cellular cartilage with an extracellular matrix dominated by microfibrils, a feature hitherto considered specific to vertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis provides further support that yunnanozoans are stem vertebrates.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6602","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022","7","8"]]},"language":"English","page":"218-222","publisher-place":"Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China","title":"Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans","type":"article-journal","volume":"377"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8e7aa11e-5639-49f8-914a-a5390d8556aa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2022)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->(以下称为原论文)。原论文报道了云南虫化石的鳃弓由叠盘状软骨细胞结构和含有微原纤维构造的细胞外基质组成,被认为符合脊椎动物的特征。研究还通过系统发育分析,显示云南虫最有可能是基干脊椎动物。 2023年7月28日,《科学》(Science)同时发表了两篇针对原论文的评述文章和原论文作者团队的回应文章。在第一篇评述中,He等对云南虫叠盘状软骨细胞结构和微原纤维基质的解释提出了不同观点,并据此定义了不同于原论文的云南虫分类位置<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.ade9707","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"Tian et al . (Research Articles, 8 July 2022, abm2708) hypothesized that yunnanozoans are stem-group vertebrates on the basis of “cellular cartilage”, “fibrillin microfibers”, and “subchordal rod” associated with the branchial arches of yunnanozoans. However, we reject the presence of cellular cartilage, fibrillin, and the phylogenetic proposal of vertebrate affinities based on ultrastructure and morphology of yunnanozoans from more than 8000 specimens.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"He","given":"Kaiyue","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liu","given":"Jianni","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Han","given":"Jian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ou","given":"Qiang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chen","given":"Ailin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Zhifei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fu","given":"Dongjing","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hua","given":"Hong","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Xingliang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Shu","given":"Degan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Comment on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f0dbeaa9-a57a-4355-ba26-87afee92ff91"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(He et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。在第二篇评述中,Zhang和Pratt认为纳米尺度的微原纤维不可能从寒武纪保存至今,微原纤维构造可能是现代污染物<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf1472","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"Tian et al . (Reports, 8 July 2022, p. 218) claim that Cambrian yunnanozoan animals are stem vertebrates, based partly on their observation at the nanometer scale of microfibrillar tissue located in the branchial arches. They interpret this to represent cellular cartilage with an extracellular matrix of microfibrils. Instead, we argue that the ‘microfibrils’ are more likely modern organic contamination.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Xi-guang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pratt","given":"Brian R.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Comment on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4f3b128b-47fd-4770-ad35-0c38f4be2ecf"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Zhang and Pratt, 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Zhang and Pratt, 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Zhang and Pratt, 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Zhang and Pratt, 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。对于两篇评述文章,原论文团队的回应文章展示了新的形态学和化学证据,进一步支持了原论文的解释<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf3363","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"He et al . dispute our anatomical interpretations on the structures of cellular chambers and microfibrils in yunnanozoan branchial arches and put forward alternative interpretations on these structures. Zhang and Pratt argue that the microfibrils we identified in yunnanozoans are more likely modern organic contamination. Here we provide additional evidence to support our interpretations and dismiss the alternative interpretations.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6124633-3369-4437-807d-7fc325520984"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 He等认为鳃棒是中空的管状结构,鳃棒的细胞状结构是中空的鳃丝根部形态(图1A)。但是,He等评述文章中展示的化石照片(图1B)显示鳃棒并非中空,含有紧密堆叠的细胞状结构。这些细胞状结构与鳃丝并没有一一对应(图1C)。原作者团队的显微CT扫描数据从多个角度揭示鳃棒不是中空的,而是由多排2–3个细胞状结构组成。这些细胞状结构呈密闭的空心球状,与鳃棒两侧的鳃丝并不相通,排除了是鳃丝根部形态的可能(图2)。 图1.云南虫鳃弓形态。(A)He等评述文章中的鳃弓复原图认为鳃棒呈中空管状。(B–C)原作者团队根据He等提供的化石照片(B)重新解释了鳃棒内部并非中空,而是由多排2–3个细胞状结构组成(C)。(A–B)来自<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.ade9707","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"Tian et al . (Research Articles, 8 July 2022, abm2708) hypothesized that yunnanozoans are stem-group vertebrates on the basis of “cellular cartilage”, “fibrillin microfibers”, and “subchordal rod” associated with the branchial arches of yunnanozoans. However, we reject the presence of cellular cartilage, fibrillin, and the phylogenetic proposal of vertebrate affinities based on ultrastructure and morphology of yunnanozoans from more than 8000 specimens.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"He","given":"Kaiyue","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liu","given":"Jianni","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Han","given":"Jian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ou","given":"Qiang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chen","given":"Ailin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Zhifei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fu","given":"Dongjing","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hua","given":"Hong","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Xingliang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Shu","given":"Degan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Comment on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f0dbeaa9-a57a-4355-ba26-87afee92ff91"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)","manualFormatting":"(He et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(He et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(He et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->,(C)来自<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf3363","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"He et al . dispute our anatomical interpretations on the structures of cellular chambers and microfibrils in yunnanozoan branchial arches and put forward alternative interpretations on these structures. Zhang and Pratt argue that the microfibrils we identified in yunnanozoans are more likely modern organic contamination. Here we provide additional evidence to support our interpretations and dismiss the alternative interpretations.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6124633-3369-4437-807d-7fc325520984"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 图2.回应文章中展示的云南虫鳃弓的CT三维渲染和切片。(A)鳃棒内部并不是中空管状,而是由多排细胞状结构组成。(B–F)三个方向的切片都显示细胞状结构是密闭空心的,与鳃丝并不相通,不是鳃丝根部底座。比例尺均为100 μm。修改自<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf3363","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"He et al . dispute our anatomical interpretations on the structures of cellular chambers and microfibrils in yunnanozoan branchial arches and put forward alternative interpretations on these structures. Zhang and Pratt argue that the microfibrils we identified in yunnanozoans are more likely modern organic contamination. Here we provide additional evidence to support our interpretations and dismiss the alternative interpretations.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6124633-3369-4437-807d-7fc325520984"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 He等评述还认为微原纤维可能是黏土矿物。但是,黏土矿物主要由硅、铝、镁、铁元素组成。回应中新的元素分析结果再次显示微原纤维以碳元素为主(图3),与原论文中的元素和光谱分析结果一致<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.abm2708","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"Pharyngeal arches are a key innovation that likely contributed to the evolution of the jaws and braincase of vertebrates. It has long been hypothesized that the pharyngeal (branchial) arch evolved from an unjointed cartilaginous rod in vertebrate ancestors such as that in the nonvertebrate chordate amphioxus, but whether such ancestral anatomy existed remains unknown. The pharyngeal skeleton of controversial Cambrian animals called yunnanozoans may contain the oldest fossil evidence constraining the early evolution of the arches, yet its correlation with that of vertebrates is still disputed. By examining additional specimens in previously unexplored techniques (for example, x-ray microtomography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry element mapping), we found evidence that yunnanozoan branchial arches consist of cellular cartilage with an extracellular matrix dominated by microfibrils, a feature hitherto considered specific to vertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis provides further support that yunnanozoans are stem vertebrates.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6602","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022","7","8"]]},"language":"English","page":"218-222","publisher-place":"Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China","title":"Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans","type":"article-journal","volume":"377"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8e7aa11e-5639-49f8-914a-a5390d8556aa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2022)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。这说明微原纤维不是黏土矿物,而是有机残留物。 图3. 透射电镜样品的高角环形暗场像(HAADF-STEM)和能量色散X射线光谱,显示了化石微原纤维区域主要由碳元素组成。修改自<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf3363","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"He et al . dispute our anatomical interpretations on the structures of cellular chambers and microfibrils in yunnanozoan branchial arches and put forward alternative interpretations on these structures. Zhang and Pratt argue that the microfibrils we identified in yunnanozoans are more likely modern organic contamination. Here we provide additional evidence to support our interpretations and dismiss the alternative interpretations.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6124633-3369-4437-807d-7fc325520984"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 Zhang和Pratt认为含有微原纤维的碳膜可能是覆盖在化石表面的现代有机污染物。回应文章中逐步放大的扫描电镜照片显示,不同于现代污染物是覆盖在化石和沉积物表面的,含有微原纤维的碳膜嵌入了沉积物之中(图4)。同时,回应文章指出原论文中碳膜的傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和地质历史时期形成的有机残留物相似,都具有明显的脂肪族CH3、CH2和芳香族C=C吸收峰,且缺失现代有机物的一系列特征吸收峰,排除了来源于现代污染物的可能。 图4.逐步放大的扫描电镜照片。(A–F)在化石表面,碳膜上有沉积物颗粒覆盖;(G–L)在化石截面上,碳膜被紧紧地夹在两层沉积物之间。红色三角形指示沉积物颗粒,白色三角形指示微原纤维构造。来自<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.adf3363","ISSN":"0036-8075","abstract":"He et al . dispute our anatomical interpretations on the structures of cellular chambers and microfibrils in yunnanozoan branchial arches and put forward alternative interpretations on these structures. Zhang and Pratt argue that the microfibrils we identified in yunnanozoans are more likely modern organic contamination. Here we provide additional evidence to support our interpretations and dismiss the alternative interpretations.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tian","given":"Qingyi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Fangchen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zeng","given":"Han","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhu","given":"Maoyan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jiang","given":"Baoyu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6656","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","7","28"]]},"title":"Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans”","type":"article-journal","volume":"381"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6124633-3369-4437-807d-7fc325520984"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tian et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Tian et al., 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 上述新证据进一步支持了云南虫具有脊椎动物特有的软骨鳃弓,且含有微原纤维的碳膜是古代有机物,排除了评述中推测的黏土矿物或现代有机污染物的可能。原论文发表的一年以来,受到了全世界学者的广泛关注。截止至2023年7月28日,Web of Science数据库显示原论文已被他人引用6次。其中,5篇论文接受了原论文提出的云南虫属于脊椎动物干群的观点<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/1755-6724.15027","ISSN":"1000-9515","abstract":"Systematic extinctions can leave major morphological gaps between living crown-group clades. Such morphological gaps would be perceived, from a neontological point of view, as major evolutionary transitions. In order to fill these morphological gaps and to map the evolutionary steps toward major evolutionary transitions, we need to integrate extinct stem-group taxa in phylogenetic studies. However, the recognition of stem group has not been widely adopted in the study of early animal fossils, despite that all fossils are stem groups at one level or another. Part of the difficulty is that stem groups may not have all features that collectively diagnose the respective crown group, and they can have unique (autapomorphic) features, making them tantalizingly similar to and frustratingly different from the crown group (e.g., stem-group eukaryotes can be prokaryotic and stem-group animals can be protistan). The need to embrace stem groups and to implement the PhyloCode, in order to achieve phylogenetic clarity and to offer key paleontological insights into the origin and early animal evolution, is illustrated in debates on several controversial Ediacaran and Cambrian fossils.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Xiao","given":"Shuhai","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022","12","30"]]},"page":"1821-1829","title":"Extinctions, morphological gaps, major transitions, stem groups, and the origin of major clades, with a focus on early animals","type":"article-journal","volume":"96"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=e5f62de9-63c0-486f-b14e-5c3f370c2032"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/pala.12646","ISSN":"0031-0239","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mikami","given":"Tomoyuki","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ikeda","given":"Takafumi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Muramiya","given":"Yusuke","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hirasawa","given":"Tatsuya","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Iwasaki","given":"Wataru","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Palaeontology","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cherns","given":"Lesley","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-2","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","3","16"]]},"page":"1-14","title":"Three‐dimensional anatomy of the Tully monster casts doubt on its presumed vertebrate affinities","type":"article-journal","volume":"66"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0978eb2a-f18c-4c19-9531-8a1a8c278772"]},{"id":"ITEM-3","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/ede.12433","ISSN":"1520-541X","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Onai","given":"Takayuki","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Aramaki","given":"Toshihiro","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Takai","given":"Akira","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kakiguchi","given":"Kisa","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yonemura","given":"Shigenobu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Evolution & Development","id":"ITEM-3","issue":"November 2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","3","22"]]},"page":"1-12","title":"Cranial cartilages: Players in the evolution of the cranium during evolution of the chordates in general and of the vertebrates in particular","type":"article-journal"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6d3d3fe6-cb8d-4e43-8fbe-55ce9d4877ef"]},{"id":"ITEM-4","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac086","ISSN":"0024-4082","abstract":"This paper addresses a recent claim by Miyashita and co-authors that the filter-feeding larval lamprey is a new evolutionary addition to the lamprey life-cycle and does not provide information about early vertebrates, in contrast to the traditional view that this ammocoete stage resembles the first vertebrates. The evidence behind this revolutionary claim comes from fossil lampreys from 360–306 Mya that include young stages – even yolk-sac hatchlings – with adult (predacious) feeding structures. However, the traditional view is not so easily dismissed. The phylogeny on which the non-ammocoete theory is based was not tested in a statistically meaningful way. Additionally, the target article did not consider the known evidence for the traditional view, namely that the complex filter-feeding structures are highly similar in ammocoetes and the invertebrate chordates, amphioxus and tunicates. In further support of the traditional view, I show that ammocoetes are helpful for reconstructing the first vertebrates and the jawless, fossil stem gnathostomes called ostracoderms – their pharynx, oral cavity, mouth opening, lips and filter-feeding mode (but, ironically, not their mandibular/jaw region). From these considerations, I offer a scenario for the evolution of vertebrate life-cycles that fits the traditional, ammocoete-informed theory and puts filter feeding at centre stage.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mallatt","given":"Jon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","id":"ITEM-4","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","2","2"]]},"page":"287-321","title":"Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al. , 2021","type":"article-journal","volume":"197"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4b0c9e49-015d-4d9b-b3f3-58d1e7afbe79"]},{"id":"ITEM-5","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/ede.12422","ISSN":"1520-541X","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Johanson","given":"Zerina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Evolution & Development","id":"ITEM-5","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","1","29"]]},"page":"119-133","title":"Vertebrate cranial evolution: Contributions and conflict from the fossil record","type":"article-journal","volume":"25"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ae9ae377-ffcc-4ef2-97e9-89ca35e89c2c"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Johanson, 2023; Mallatt, 2023; Mikami et al., 2023; Onai et al., 2023; Xiao, 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Johanson, 2023; Mallatt, 2023; Mikami et al., 2023; Onai et al., 2023; Xiao, 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Johanson, 2023; Mallatt, 2023; Mikami et al., 2023; Miyashita, 2022; Onai et al., 2023; Xiao, 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Johanson, 2023; Mallatt, 2023; Mikami et al., 2023; Onai et al., 2023; Xiao, 2022)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->,1篇论文表达了不同观点<!--[if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3389/feart.2023.1120118","ISSN":"2296-6463","abstract":"Genic and genomic data have been reshaping our understanding of the earliest radiation event of metazoans, the well-known Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation, not only from the respects of reshuffling the phylogenetic topologies of some animal phyla but by deciphering the deep homologies of many morphological features. These advances, together with the continuing discoveries of the Ediacaran-Cambrian fossils, are unveiling the cladogenetic process of the early metazoans and the patterns of morphologic evolution during this biological radiation event. In this review, I focus on a small but challenging field, the problematic fossils from the early Cambrian fossil Lagerst?tten, such as the Chengjiang biota, mainly on the controversies concerning their interpretation and the consequent impacts on understanding the early evolution of animals. The bizarre body plans of the early Cambrian problematica alone do not account for the difficulties in studying their biology and affinity. Instead, it is the combined action of the taphonomic artifacts and the uncertainty in homologizing the preserved characters that impede generating plausible interpretations. Despite all these issues, a testable and repeatable method for interpreting fossils has emerged and is becoming more practicable. The integration of an evolutionary-grade conceptual frame is beneficial to the interpretation of the Cambrian problematic fossils. Together with the focus on taphonomic alternation and homologic assessment, the Cambrian problematic fossils are becoming more informative nodes in the “parsing tree” of early animal evolution.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cong","given":"Peiyun","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Frontiers in Earth Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"May","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","5","10"]]},"page":"1-13","title":"The early animal radiation: insights from interpreting the Cambrian problematic fossils","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=16e1f35c-821f-4f2a-bbc9-091fc6315628"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Cong, 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Cong, 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Cong, 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Cong, 2023)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->。 该回应文章的发表得到了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)、国家自然科学基金委、现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室、南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划等基金的大力支持。 原论文相关信息: Tian, Q., Zhao, F., Zeng, H., Zhu, M., Jiang, B., 2022. Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans. Science. 377, 218–222. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm2708.
回应文章相关信息: Tian, Q., Zhao, F., Zeng, H., Zhu, M., Jiang, B., 2023. Response to Comments on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans.” Science. 381, eadf3363. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf3363.
评述文章相关信息: He, K., Liu, J., Han, J., Ou, Q., Chen, A., Zhang, Z., Fu, D., Hua, H., Zhang, X., Shu, D., 2023. Comment on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans.” Science. 381, eade9707. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade9707. Zhang, X., Pratt, B.R., 2023. Comment on “Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans.” Science. 381, eadf1472. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf1472.
参考文献: Cong, P., 2023. The early animal radiation: insights from interpreting the Cambrian problematic fossils. Front. Earth Sci. 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1120118. Johanson, Z., 2023. Vertebrate cranial evolution: contributions and conflict from the fossil record. Evol. Dev. 25, 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12422. Mallatt, J., 2023. Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al. , 2021. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 197, 287–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac086. Mikami, T., Ikeda, T., Muramiya, Y., Hirasawa, T., Iwasaki, W., 2023. Three‐dimensional anatomy of the Tully monster casts doubt on its presumed vertebrate affinities. Palaeontology 66, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12646. Onai, T., Aramaki, T., Takai, A., Kakiguchi, K., Yonemura, S., 2023. Cranial cartilages: players in the evolution of the cranium during evolution of the chordates in general and of the vertebrates in particular. Evol. Dev. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12433. Xiao, S., 2022. Extinctions, morphological gaps, major transitions, stem groups, and the origin of major clades, with a focus on early animals. Acta Geol. Sin. - English Ed. 96, 1821–1829. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15027.
近期,爱彩彩票陆生植物起源与早期演化研究团队研究员徐洪河、王怿,研究生王凯、刘炳材,对产自我国新疆柯坪地区志留系兰多维列统柯坪塔格组的陆生植物微体化石开展了综合研究,报导了我国新疆志留系隐孢子为主的微体植物组合,同时根据全球隐孢子化石产出记录大数据,探讨了志留纪时期全球生物地理分区以及塔里木板块的位置。相关成果发表在国际地球科学综合期刊《亚洲地质》(Journal of Asian Earth Sciences)上。 中奥陶世—志留纪早期是陆生植物关键性状起源与演化的重要时期。目前普遍接受的学术观点认为,陆生植物化石的最早证据可以追溯至中奥陶世大坪期—达瑞威尔期(ca.468-463Ma),以冈瓦纳大陆的二分体、四面体型四分体等隐孢子为代表;而在志留纪温洛克世申伍德期(ca.432Ma),出现了最早的陆生植物大化石,比如,常见于教科书中的库克逊蕨(Cooksonia)。中奥陶世—志留纪的地层也是国内外陆生植物起源研究所关注的重点层位。然而,囿于化石材料的稀缺,长期以来,相关研究工作进展颇为缓慢。 近期,爱彩彩票陆生植物起源与早期演化研究团队研究员徐洪河、王怿,研究生王凯、刘炳材,对产自我国新疆柯坪地区志留系兰多维列统柯坪塔格组的陆生植物微体化石开展了综合研究,报道了我国新疆志留系隐孢子为主的微体植物组合,同时根据全球隐孢子化石产出记录大数据,探讨了志留纪时期全球生物地理分区以及塔里木板块的位置。相关成果发表在国际地球科学综合期刊《亚洲地质》(Journal of Asian Earth Sciences)上。 研究发现,柯坪塔格组下部的陆生植物微体化石组合以隐孢子为主,另有少量的管状体和类表皮,未见明确的三缝孢。柯坪塔格组的隐孢子基本继承了同地区晚奥陶世凯迪期隐孢子的面貌,且以二分体Dyadospora和Pseudodyadospora为主;但在现代生物中,从未发现有以二分体孢子为繁殖细胞的植物。推断认为,这些隐孢二分体的母体植物曾是塔里木板块早期陆生非维管植物中的优势类群。 本研究还全面汇交并梳理了全球志留纪兰多维列世孢型化石产出记录,构建了数据集,采用聚类分析和非度量多维尺度分析等手段,识别出了对该时期陆生植物(孢子)潜在的分区现象,并探讨了塔里木板块的古地理位置。研究认为在志留纪早期,隐孢植物各类群尽管全球广布,但在劳伦大陆和冈瓦纳大陆上已出现可识别的分类差异。孢型化石的独立证据支持塔里木板块在此时期与冈瓦纳大陆西缘的密切联系。 研究得到了国家重点研发计划和中国科学院的支持。本研究是深时数字地球(Deep-time Digital Earth)国际大科学计划“古生物学工作组”的系列研究成果之一。 论文相关信息:Wang K, Liu B-C, Wang Y, Xu H-H*. A palynoflora of southern Xinjiang, China, and the proximity of the Tarim Plate to western Gondwana during the Llandovery (Silurian). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2023, 105769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105769. 图1 新疆柯坪志留系兰多维列统柯坪塔格组隐孢子(图中比例尺为10 μm) 图2 ①志留纪兰多维列世(ca. 440 Ma)全球孢型化石(隐孢子、三缝孢)的古地理分布;②志留纪兰多维列世孢型化石属级聚类分析结果;③志留纪兰多维列世孢型化石属级非度量多维尺度分析结果;④志留纪兰多维列世孢型化石种级聚类分析结果;⑤志留纪兰多维列世孢型化石种级非度量多维尺度分析结果
近日,由爱彩彩票研究员王光旭和研究员詹仁斌共同组织的专辑《华南扬子台地西缘的奥陶系》,在国际地学期刊《远古世界》(Palaeoworld)上正式出版。 近日,由爱彩彩票研究员王光旭和研究员詹仁斌共同组织的专辑《华南扬子台地西缘的奥陶系》,在国际地学期刊《远古世界》(Palaeoworld)上正式出版。 华南板块具有丰富、完整、连续的奥陶纪地质记录,是理解奥陶纪生命演化的经典地区。不过,华南奥陶系的研究以往主要集中在扬子台地腹地,而对于台地西缘近岸浅水区的认识较少,区内奥陶系的划分对比不够精细,各门类化石大多还未得到系统的研究。 专辑共收录研究论文9篇,涉及华南扬子台地西缘奥陶系精细地层框架的建立,关键层段沉积背景分析,以及主要化石类群(腕足动物、珊瑚、牙形类、几丁虫、介形虫和三叶虫等)系统分类、生物地理与生态等方面的探讨。该专辑是对研究区奥陶系研究最新进展的系统梳理和集中展示,增进了对奥陶纪生物大辐射(GOBE)和奥陶纪末生物大灭绝(EOME)等重大生物事件在华南近岸浅水区表现的认识和理解。 专辑相关研究得到了现代地层学与古生物学国家重点实验室、国家自然科学基金委、江苏省自然科学基金委、中国科学院青年创新促进会等联合资助。 专辑链接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/palaeoworld/vol/32/issue/2. 专辑论文目录: Wang, G.X. and Zhan, R.B., 2023. Ordovician in the western Yangtze region, South China Palaeoplate: An outline. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 197-201. Wang, G.X., Cui, Y.N., Liang, Y., Wu, R.C., Wei, X., Gong, F.Y., Huang, B., Luan, X.C., Tang, P., Li, L.X., Zhang, X.L., Zhang, Y.C., Zhang, Z.T., Wang, Q. and Zhan, R.B., 2023. Toward a unified and refined Ordovician stratigraphy for the western Yangtze region, South China. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 202-218. Luan, X.C., Zhang, X.L., Li, Q.J., Wang, Y., Cui, Y.N. and Zhan, R.B., 2023. Darriwilian–Sandbian (Middle–Late Ordovician) shallow warm-water deposits in the Upper Yangtze region, South China: A case study from the Qiaojia area, northeastern Yunnan Province. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 219-234. Wang, Y., Zhan, R.B., Luan, X.C., Zhang, Y.C. and Wei, X., 2023. Middle–Late Ordovician brachiopods from Ningnan, southern Sichuan Province, Southwest China: Implications for macroevolution and palaeogeography. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 235-251. Cui, Y.N., Wang, G.X. and Percival, I.G., 2023. Early heliolitine tabulate corals from the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) in the Yunnan-Sichuan border area, Southwest China. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 252-265. Gong, F.Y., Yan, G.Z. and Wu, R.C., 2023. Conodont biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the Middle to Upper Ordovician on the western Yangtze Platform, South China. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 266-286. Liang, Y., Tang, P., Wang, G.X., Yan, G.Z. and Wang, Q., 2023. Middle–Late Ordovician chitinozoans from Songliang of Qiaojia, western South China, and their biostratigraphic implications. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 287-302. Zhang, Y.C., 2023. Late Darriwilian–early Katian (Ordovician) ostracods of northeastern Yunnan, Southwest China. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 303-332. Wei, X., Wang, K., Zhou, Z.Q., Cui, Y.N., Zhang, Z.T. and Liu, J.B., 2023. A new late Katian (Late Ordovician) trilobite association from Zhenxiong, northeastern Yunnan, Southwest China and its palaeoecological implications. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 333-353. Wang, Q., Huang, B. and Li, R., 2023. A low-diversity, silicified Hirnantia Fauna from Butuo, southwestern Sichuan, on the western margin of Yangtze Platform. Palaeoworld, 32(2): 354-366.